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Without color. Being gray, white or black, neutral.

Additive color mixture is a term applied to combining colors of light - such as combining a red beam of light with a blue beam of light.  If beams of yellow, red and blue light are combined, the result is white light.  

A colored thin layer of transparent paint put on another layer of paint.  It is used to change the look and color of the previous surface. 

The color of something without the affect of any color created from shadowing or exposure to various lighting.  Local color is the true color of something.  For instance, a rose may appear to be the color of violet in the shade, but its true color (local color) may be red.

The glow or brightness in a piece of artwork. Luminosity in a painting refers to the created light which can vary in gradation, and other ways (i.e. reflection, and/or amount of diffraction & intensity). 

Pigment held in suspension within a liquid.

A surface area where a painter is able to freely mix and squeeze paint before applying to paint to a piece of artwork.  The term “palette” is also a term that refers to the choice of colors an artist is working with.

The amount of brightness of a hue; the amount of purity of a hue. Chroma. Intensity.

A fabric sprayed professionally with acrylic to provide a durable fabric for upholstery.

Something is said to be an antique when it was created many years ago.  An antique may refer to a work of art or just an old object.  Often antiques are valuable because of their nostalgic value, limited availability or irreplaceable parts.  According to the USA, home furnishings are considered antiques if they are at least 100 years old.

A period of art that is included a combination of modern decorative art styles.  Most of the styles came from the 1920s and 1930s that involved different kinds of avant-garde painting styles from the late 1900s.  Characteristics from Russian Constructivism, Italian Futurism and Cubism are all present in this movement’s artwork; the style uses simplification, distortion, abstraction and geometric shapes heavily.  Bright intense colors are used to hail the growing use of technology and the development of speed and product industries. 

The term also relates to interior design and furniture between the 1920s and 1930s; pale colors were utilized heavily, especially ivory and silvery gray.

A durable fabric with a luxurious feel often used in rooms for upholstering furniture. 

It may also reference a velvety, soft, tufty cord or yarn.  It can also be used for items such as embroidery purposes or on carpet edges for fringe embellishments.

 A heavier type of cloth that contains a reversible 2D pattern woven in it.  In is frequently created from items such as silk, rayon, cotton or a mixture of these or other items.

A material having a life-expectancy of three years that is used for storing quilts.

Stitching that does not follow any set lines.

The stitching that is sewn underneath a main motif.

The method of joining the quilting layers with safety pins.

The method of joining fabric layers together with long hand stitches to prevent shifting.

A type of design in quilting that looks like a rope that is twisted.

A piece of fabric that runs the complete length or width between block rows of a quilt. Short sashing is placed perpendicular to the continuous sashing in order to separate the blocks inside each row.

A kind of outline quilting that is commonly applied on applique quilts. The applique motif is quilted-in-the-ditch and then the following line of the stitching is placed parallel to the first line. This process is repeated for the 3rd, 4th, 5th...stitching lines while always maintaining the same space distance between the lines.

A type of quilting that involves complicated quilting designs. Also known as fancies.

The method of stitching complicated and curving designs by a machine.

A type of stitch that passes into each layer of a quilt.

A kind of outline quilting completed along an applique edge or seam. Marks are not used for this type of quilting.

A kind of relief quilting that places a measured piece of cording or thread into a quilted channel. This particular relief quilting started in England, but was later made famous by the Italians and hence sometimes called Italian quilting

The act of quilting sections of a quilt before they are assembled.

Loose non-structured lines of stitching that do not usually touch each other.

A medium weight fabric made out of is plain-woven cotton. White is the color of bleached muslin; unbleached muslin is off-white.

Followig the edge of an applique pattern or patchwork with stitches.

Quilting is the act of stitching three layers of a quilt together – creating a kind of sandwich that features a decorative design.  The act of quilting can be completed by a machine or by hand. 

Machine quilting involves a ‘walking foot’ in order to feed the layers of the quilt through the machine.  Free motion or freehand quilting is completed with a darning foot.  Frequently individuals who choose to use a machine will pair the threads to the fabric that is being quilted.  When pairing is not possible, invisible monofilament is used instead.

Hand quilting is often completed on a quilt frame or quilting hoop with needles called ‘betweens’ and thread.  To quilt, one hand is placed under the quilt in order to feel for the needle, and the other hand creates the stitches on top.  The best hand quilters will create small, consistent stitches that run over the quilt.  Straight and uniform stitches are key to make a successful quilt.  In general, the stitches should be the same size on both the top and bottom of the quilt. 

The design on a quilt is made through a ‘shadow line’.  A different shadow line is created depending on whether when uses a machine or one’s hands.  In machine quilting, the line will be straighter and rougher looking that quilting by hand, which gives a puckered dotted line.  Each method is not better than the other – they each just have a different appearance. 

 

Plants that function in a design for a garden. These plants attract attention with their exciting colors and foliage.

Soil containing a pH value under 7.0

Kinds of material - such as plaster and tile - absorb sound waves. Acoustical materials are often placed over interior wall surfaces in order to prevent reverberation of the sound waves.

A kind of substance having the ability to keep material joined through surface attachment. Glue, mastic, and paste are all types of adhesives.

Aggregate is the substances combined with cement to create concrete.  Materials such as crushed rock, marble dust or sand can be employed separately or together in the mixture.  The term may also refer to substances employed to make rough textures in mortar, plaster and stucco.  

Crossing braces inserted into studs to strengthen corners of the structure of frames.

A term regarding sheet material of various densities. The material is made from vegetable fibers such as cane or wood.

A type of board material made out of wood fiber. It is created into panels that have a density of 50 to 80 lb. per cubit feet.  The bits of wood are adhered together through pressure and heat (as opposed to resin and glue.  Frequently one side of a hardboard is rough and the other side is smooth. 

The standard commercial dimensions that a piece of timber or lumber is known and purchased at.

usual method of building that limits all stud height to only one floor (unlike balloon framing)

A material that stops fungi, borers and insects from deteriorating wood.

Cellulose acetate is derived from cellulose which is used in the processing of lacquers, plastics, photographic film and textile fibers.  Because it is less flammable that celluose nitrate, it is less dangerous to use in film.  Moreover, it does not yellow to the same degree as cellulose nitrate does in the daylight; however, cellulose acetate does not last as long, is not as hard and lacks other lacquer properties.  Permanent constructions or paintings should not use cellulosic products due to their instability.  

A hand-painted sheet made of nitrate or acetate that is put on a background and then photographed.  The character’s outline is put on the top of the animation cel and the colors are painted on a cel’s back by hand.

An original animation production drawing made by an animator.  Animation cels are made from this original drawing.

A drawing created as the foundation for a background painting along with the action and placement of the animated characters.

An animation group of cels or single animation cel that is used along with a production background.  A cel setup could involve one or multiple levels of cels layed on an animation background. 

A drawing completed by using other unfinished animation drawings.  Cels care made from the rough animated drawings.   

An animation cel made to ensure correct coloration.  Also known as a color test.

An new animation background made for the express purpose of embellishing a particular animation cel.

An animation background made by a studio artist to finish an animation cel setup.

A single animation cel or group of cels along with their original pairing background as shown in the finished animation film. 

An animation drawing that may either include camera movements as wells as positions of characters, or may include master backgrounds. 

An animation cel made into only a small set number.  It is made by a hand-painting technique and is created from either a certain time frame from a cartoon or from the artwork in a film. 

A cel or cels that are both attached to the same animation background in a film; however, the cels are not viewed at the same time in the film. 

Animation cels that were used until the 1940’s and 1950’s.  Yellowing and rippling on the cels are signs of their aging. 

A high-quality animation production drawing.  It is often framed side by side with a hand-painted animation cel that is a limited edition of the drawing.  

A background, drawing or animation cel with measurements up to 12 inches by 30 inches. 

A number of original animation pencil drawings all grouped on a single sheet.  The sheet is used to show the many positions and expressions of an animated character. 

A drawing made for the creation or development of an animated film’s production.  The drawing may or may not be used in the final film piece.

An original background painting in an animation that is put into the final animated film.

The mood and location of a scene is established by a production background.

A drawing in animation production that explains the artist’s drawings used as the foundation for creating animation cels. 

An animation cel not used for production that is made for marketing purposes.  Characters are drawn in their “best” poses. 

A drawing completed by an artist to show the pose and position of a character.

A method by which limited editions are made by carefully screening the hues of an image on the backside of an acetate animation cel or on the top of canvas or art paper with each hue layered one at a time. 

A number of animation art drawings or just one drawing that functions as a visual plot line of the film.  Usually these drawings show the main theme or a particular scene in the film. 

An animation background that is made for solely showcase or publicity purposes. 

An animation cel with the measurements of 10 inches by 12 inches. 

An animation cel with the measurements of 12 inches by 16 inches. 

Bodices that are form fitted and contain a seamless waist.  From the waistline the bodies flare outward into a full skirt.

A waist fitted skirt that flares outward into an A-line at its hem.