Welding
aerugo Welding
General
Aerugo (also known as verdigris) is simply the rust that forms on metals over time - such as the common patina that forms on bronze or copper.
air-arc gouging Welding
Technical
An electric-arc method in which metal is cut by melting it with a copper or carbon electrode and dispersing the molten metal with an air blast through the middle of the electrode.
alloy Welding
Product
A metal changed by chemicals with the intent of enhancing the metal's corrosion-resistant characteristics or hardness.
aluminum heat-treating Welding
Technical
A type of process in which aluminum is heated to 960 degrees F (516C) to 980 degrees F (527C) and then rapidly cooled.
backing ring Welding
Product
A metal ring put into a seam of a pipe intended to be butt welded; the ring allows for full strength and weld penetration in butt welded pipe seams.
backing strip Welding
Product
A strip of metal used to enhance weld penetration and strength; it serves as a backing ring.
bare electrode Welding
Product
A bare electrode that is consumable and utilized in arc welding without a flux coating.
bead or weld bead Welding
Product
A bead created by fusing two separate metal pieces together with a welding rod.
bevel Welding
Technical
A preparation step prior to welding in which the edges of the base metal are ground to accommodate the filler metal.
braze Welding
Technical
A type of weld that is not fused; it is created by raising the temperature of a base metal over 800 degrees F (427C) using a non-ferrous filler metal.
burn off rate Welding
Technical
The consumption rate of a consumable electrode as expressed in material length and time unit.
capillary action Welding
Technical
A process by which the surface of a liquid is pulled towards other fixed molecules nearby.
carburizing Welding
Technical
A process using heat to stiffen iron-based alloys. Carbon is diffused into a metal and then quenched after a period of time. Also a term by which a acetylene-rich flame covers a metal section with soot during gas welding.
cold weld Welding
General
An inadequate puncturing of the weld bead, frequently less than 5% of the bead thickness.
corrosion Welding
General
A process by which oxidation takes place on metal over time due to items such as the atmosphere or moisture. Moreover oiling, plating, painting and other layers of coats hep prevent this oxidation process from occurring.
cover glass Welding
General
Protection glass put into goggles and welding helmets to prevent weld splatter from getting on other objects.
covered electrode Welding
General
Also known as slick electrode. An arc-welding electrode layered with flux to shield the molten weld puddle from the air prior to the puddle solidifying.
crater Welding
General
A depression at the end of the weld bead resulting from excessive heat applied while stopping the weld.
crater crack Welding
General
A crack located in the crater at the base of the TIG-weld bead. The bead results from excessive heat applied while stopping the weld and pulling the shielding gas prior to the weld solidifying.
discontinuity Welding
General
A discontinuity in the main weld bead frequently caused by too much filler substance.
drop through Welding
General
Filler substance that seeps down underneath the weld resulting from excessive heat or an inadequate joint fit.
duty cycle Welding
General
A duty cycle is ten minute cycle period. The term applies to electric-arc welders.
dye-penetrant testing Welding
Technical
A checking process to inspect for cracks and other irregularities that is cost-effective. The process involves three chemicals within a solution including a spray-on red dye, a cleaner and a white developer solution; defects are revealed at the end of the process by the color red.
filler metal Welding
General
The addition of a welding rod or another type of metal to a seam to ensure that the maxiumum thickness of a weld bead is achieved.
flash burn Welding
General
A painful burn resulting from ultraviolet-light radiation from the arc in arc welding.
flashback Welding
General
The burning together of combined gases within a hose or torch body. If a flashback occurs one should shut off the torch and acetylene. To prevent flashbacks from continuing one must turn off the torch until the root of the problem is detected.
flux Welding
Product
A paste or chemical powder that is used to clean the base metal, and prevent atmospheric contamination during the processes of either brazing or soldering.
fusion welding Welding
Technical
A type of welding in which a continuous section of metal is created by heating two separate metal pieces to a liquid state along the weld seam; a filler metal is often included to the molten puddle and then the whole object is cooled.
gas metal-arc welding Welding
Technical
The displacement of atmospheric air in a weld. This prevents oxides from forming by feeding an inert gas into a weld to protect the molten filler metal.
gas tungsten-arc welding Welding
Technical
A type of inert-gas arc welding using tungsten as the electrode material. Also known as TIG welding or Heliarc welding
gas welding Welding
Technical
A type of welding in which acetylene and oxygen are burned to create a 6300 degree F (3482C) flame. Also known as oxyacetylene welding.
hard facing Welding
Technical
Enhancing wear characteristics of a metal by covering a softer metal with a harder metal.
hardness testing Welding
Technical
Includes the three types of ways to test the hardness of metal: 1)Brinell hardness - a ball-indentation test 2)Rockwell hardness - a two stage ball-indentation test 3)Shore hardness - a drop test for indenting metal.
heat sink Welding
Product
A heat-absorbing material that is positioned to absorb heat which in turn stops overheating of a metal section.
heat-affected zone Welding
General
A discolored section of metal that is affected from either cutting or welding another metal section.
heat-treating Welding
Equipment
A process that enhances the strength and durability of a metal; the act of using temperature changes to control the crystalline structure of a metal.
interpass temperature Welding
General
The lowest temperature of a weld bead prior to when the next section of beads created are welded on a metal piece.
invisible machine applique Welding
Technical
A type of welding process that joins metal sections with an electric arc while leaving the electrode in a molten puddle.
joint Welding
General
The bringing together of two or more metal sections by brazing, soldering or welding.
keyholing Welding
General
A tiny hole that is melted completely through but filled with filler rod; it often occurs when joining thin pieces of aluminum.
magnaflux Welding
Technical
A process by which metals are inspected for cracks or other defects using magnetic materials.
MIG welding Welding
General
Metal inert-gas; also known as wire-feed welding. In MIG welding the metal is on a spool of wire and passes through a shield of inert gas frequently made up of 75% argon and 25% helium.
nitriding Welding
Technical
A process by which some steels go through a surface-hardening process. The process involves anhydrous ammonia gas coming into contact with nitrogen at 935 - 1000 degrees F (502 - 538 degrees C).
normalizing Welding
Technical
A process utilized to relieve stress on material or fabricated parts that will be eventually machined or bended. Heat is applied to metal above the transformation temperature and then cooled in a room without drafts.
overhead position Welding
Technical
A welding position in which a seam is welded from the underside of a joint.
oxidize Welding
Technical
Using extra oxygen to vaporize metal while welding. Also known as the process by which water and oxygen mix to deal with ferrous metals - the process causes corrosion of the metal.
oxygen cutting Welding
Technical
A cutting metal process in which the metal is cut by a chemical reaction of the base metal and oxygen at high temperatures. This process stops cracks from developing.
peening Welding
Technical
Compressing the metal by working the metal with a pointed hammer or covering the metal with a small steel shot.
penetration Welding
General
The amount of space from the molten puddle to the base metal of the weld metal.
pickling Welding
Technical
Placing metal in a chemical - such as diluted acid - with the intent of cleaning the metal from scale, oil or other matter clinging to the metal's surface.
plating Welding
General
The outside coat layer of either copper, nickel, zinc, chromium or other kinds of heavy metals in order to embellish an object's appearance or prevent corrosion of the original metal.
plug weld Welding
General
A type of circular weld created by making a hole in one section of a tube or blind channel and joining it to a second piece inserted inside. Also known as a rosette weld.
polarity Welding
General
The way in which a current flows from negative to positive or from positive to negative.
porosity Welding
General
Gas pockets resulting from incorrect weld temperature or a contaminated weld; it often results from excessive heat of the weld bead.
preheating Welding
Technical
Applying heat to a metal section before welding to prevent thermal stresses or thermal shock.
puddle Welding
General
The liquid section that results from flame or electric heat application. If the puddle is correctly directed a good weld is usually ensured.
pulsed spray transfer Welding
Technical
Transfer of consumable electrode that occurs when droplets form at end of electrode with high current, and then cease forming at low current. Also referred to as intermittent spray transfer.
reducing flame Welding
General
Excess acetylene from a flame that gives off excess carbon on the weld. Also known as carburizing flame.
root of weld Welding
General
The area of a weld that is the most distant from the heat source; the middle point between the base-metal surface and the bottom of the weld.
sandblasting Welding
Technical
A simple way of cleaning metals prior to welding and painting; sand is blasted with high force at a metal section in order to abrade its surface.
seam welding Welding
Technical
A process by which a continuous seam is created from two pieces of sheet metal using resistance welding. Seam welding is a type of spot welding.
shielded-metal arc welding Welding
Technical
The flux coating located on top of a metal rod. Also called stick welding.
shop weld Welding
Technical
A frequently used practice of welding subassemblies in a shop prior to moving them on-site for the metal project's final completion.
slag Welding
General
Contamination of the metal from applying heat to a metal section and boiling away dirt and scale from the air. Slag is frequently present over the arc-welded bead in a hardened flux as well as at the kerf from oxyacetylene torch cutting.
slag inclusion Welding
General
Contaminated weld from flux stuck in the weld bead, or dirt from the base metal or welding rod.
soldering Welding
Technical
A process of joining metal through the use of molten solder without affecting the base metal; the molten solder adheres to the metal during the cooling process.
spot welding Welding
Technical
A welding method that uses clamping pressure and electrical resistance heating to bring together sheets of metal.
Sprue Welding
General
The hole through which a liquid material is poured into; smaller channels called "gates" attach it to the model. The material leftover from the channel is also termed "sprue." This extra material is taken off after the investment material is first removed in one of the steps needed to clean up a cast metal scuplture.
steel heat-treating Welding
Technical
Achieving specific metal properties - such as corrosion resistance or microstructure - by heating and quickly cooling steel back to its solid state.
stickout Welding
General
Wire or tungsten electrode measurement that goes past the cup, gyun or gas lens.
stitch weld Welding
Technical
Cost effective and time efficient tack-welding techinque with 3/4" long weld beads.
stress cracking Welding
General
Cracking at a weld resulting from strain from temperature or molecular changes.
stress-relief heat-treating Welding
Technical
Heating metal sections to 2/3 the melting point and then letting the areas cool gradually, permitting the molecules to become relaxed and preventing strain.
stringer bead Welding
General
A type of weld bead that is created without oscillation; a straight weld bead.
submerged-arc welding Welding
Technical
Preventing atmospheric contamination by submerging an electric arc in a powder flux.
tempering Welding
Technical
A process by which internal pressure is relieved on metal parts by reheating the metal to 1/4 to 1/2 the temperature first utilized in the heating process.
thoriated tungsten Welding
Product
A tungsten electrode to which 1-2% thorium is added to give extra strength to the arc.
tungsten electrode Welding
Product
An electrode utilized in TIG welding that is non-consumable; a tungsten melting point is 5432 degrees F (3000C).
ultrasonic testing Welding
Technical
A means to test metal sections for defects; a process in which reflections are picked up by high frequency sound waves focused on a particular metal section. Defects are found by picking up irregular return sounds.
vertical position Welding
Technical
A kind of weld in which a weld bead travels up or down a vertical section of metal.
weave bead Welding
General
Created with a transverse oscillation in a "Z" or figure-8 motion applied over the seam; it is stronger than a straight bead.
weldability Welding
General
The ability of certain metals to be welded and accomplish their intended purpose.
Welding Welding
General
The act of joining two pieces of metal together through fusion. An oxyacetylene torch or oxacetylene welding applies high heat to the metal to fuse them together (in arc welding an electrical method is used). Often along the joint a filler rod is melted (called brazing). Fusion welding is the term used when a person directly welds two pieces of metal by joining the molten edges. Joints last longer and are stronger done this way, because it is done under higher temperatures than soldering.
welding sequence Welding
Technical
The work order and process used to complete joints, welds, and related runs.